/cram/synonyms

/cram/

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation: kræm.

-) Etymology: from Old English crammian, with the original meaning of “to press close together”.

-) Third-person singular simple present: crams.

-) Preterite tense, preterite participle: crammed.

-) Present participle: cramming.

-) Transitively: 1. To fill (a receptacle) with something that is forced, compressed or improperly put.

-) Synonym for “cram”: stuff.

-) Translation: henchir, in Spanish; remplir, in French; stipare, in Italian.

Although the charge for admission was a hundred dollars, the hall where she appeared was always crammed to the doors.

Wyndham… Montez… 1935

-) With the preposition “with” + a noun (what is forced, compressed or improperly put):

His pockets, they say, are continually crammed with keys.

Richardson… Clarissa… 1748

[…] the king of Bengal, with a powerful fleet and army, invaded the Maldives, conquered and killed their king, ransacked and plundered the islands, and, having crammed his ships with an immense booty, sailed back to Bengal.

Chambers's Edinburgh Journal, 1852

His place of work is anything but large, and movement is rendered somewhat inconvenient, moreover, by a number of heavy presses, crammed to repletion with the costumes of the establishment.

Sala… Gaslight and Daylight… 1859

My pockets are crammed with spectacles.

Trollope… The Last Chronicle… 1879

-) Hyperbolically: to feed (an animal) excessively; to overfeed.

[…] they tried the experiment of cramming [… the birds] with ground corn, and found that it succeeded admirably. The pintadas, […] became as fat as ducks.

Mavor… Voyages and travels… 1797

The curious group of birds called the chatterers, are famous for their enormous appetites, as one species is said to have gorged itself with apples […]; and another (the European waxwing) was found to have crammed itself with […] berries till it could scarcely fly.

Jane Loudon… Facts… 1848

A pig once made its way into the courtyard of a lordly mansion, sauntered at its will around the stables and the kitchen, wallowed in filth, crammed itself full of pigwash.

Good Words… 1868

-) 2. To force, compress or put improperly (anything) into a space or receptacle.

-) Synonyms: to force, crowd, stuff.

-) Translation: meter impropiamente, in Spanish; entasser, in French; stipare, in Italian.

His hat was crammed down now.

Galsworthy… Beyond… 1917

He got out his pipe, filled it and crammed down the tobacco, found a match and leaned back, smoking with relish, one leg thrown over the wheel.

B. Bower… Casey Ryan… 1921

-) With the preposition “into” + noun of the space or of the receptacle:

A single house here, and not a large one, frequently receives a hundred and twenty people to sleep in a night: five or six beds are crammed into each room, and five or six people into each bed.

Richard Ayton… A voyage round Great Britain… 1815

I took the papers, and crammed them into my valise.

Chambers's Edinburgh Journal… 1852

I suffered from thirst… we had nothing to drink. I crammed the clean snow into my mouth; but the process of melting was slow and tantalizing to a parched throat…

John Tyndall… The Glaciers … 1860

… at different times on searching the corners of the house, they found various parcels of bank notes. Some were crammed into the crevices of the wall.

Dickens… Our Mutual Friend… 1864

Meal, butter, cheese, beef, and bacon, were crammed indiscriminately into sacks, with articles of wearing apparel, and the blankets, and the webs of cloth and linen which the thrifty housewife had prepared for her household.

Thomas Lauder… Tales of the Highlands 1841

The smoking room was a temporary erection on the main deck […]. It might have accommodated five and twenty comfortably; but when it was wet and stormy, I have seen double that number crammed into it.

Mackay… The Western World… 1849

The paper he crammed into the pocket of his light yellow dust-coat.

Doyle… Beyond the City… 1900

Malloring read this letter twice, and the enclosure three times, and crammed them deep down into his pocket.

Galsworthy… The Freelands… 1915

-) Reflexively:

There we waited in a little auberge till a cabriolet from the post was sent, and into this we all four crammed ourselves.

Berry… Extracts of the journals… 1865

The Count du Luc caused a French comedy to be performed in theatre of Baden, to which admission was [… gratuitous] to all who chose to attend it; and, naturally, the house was crowded. […] Of course there were reserved seats for the smart ladies and gentlemen, whilst the profane vulgar scrambled and crammed itself into every vacant corner that could be found.

The Cornhill Magazine… 1877

[…] Mrs. Midge had sought refuge under the sofa, and every bird had crammed itself into what corner it could.

The Strand Magazine… 1900

-) 3. Metaphorical: to make (a person) learn improperly many things, as if by filling her/him with them.

[Boys] are crammed with mere facts, and with the opinions or phrases of other people, and these are accepted as a substitute for the power to [… construe] opinions of their own.

Stuart… Autobiography… 1874

Mary read, and read, and read, till she felt she was made up of the contents of books, crammed with other people's ideas.

Braddon… Phantom Fortune… 1883

It's very difficult to teach boys, because their chief object in life is not to be taught anything, but I should say we were crammed, not taught at all.

Galsworthy… Another Sheaf… 1919

-) Particularly: a. To make (a person) believe lies or crams. b. To make (a person) learn much about a subject, as in preparation for an examination, briefly and without a purpose of making understand. c. To learn (a subject) by hasty preparation and without a purpose of understanding.

[…] fathers and mothers bring their little boys, and take it as a matter of course, that they'll have all manner of Greek, and Latin, and mathematics, and geography crammed into them.

Douglas Jerrold… The writings… 1844

-) Intransitively: to become a crammer; to cram a subject; to learn a subject by hasty preparation and without a purpose of understanding.

Have you ever crammed for an exam, [… been successful in it], and then 2 weeks later could not remember what you studied?

David Wright… Get a job!

-) English words derived from CRAM: crammer, cram (noun), cramming.

 

 

/correspond/synonyms

/correspond/

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation and accent: kɒrɪspɒnd.

-) Etymology: from Medieval Latin correspondēre, from cor- (com-, together, with each other) + respondēre (to answer), which is analysed into re- + spondēre (to pledge, promise.) The French correspondre, the Italian corrispondere, and the Spanish corresponder, are from the same origin.

-) Preterite tense: corresponded. Preterite participle: corresponded.

-) Present participle: corresponding.

-) Intransitively: 1. (Of two or more things) to be coincident or corresponding in quality; to have mutual correspondence or likeness; to coincide in quality. (Of a thing) to be congruous with; to be in harmony with; to be like; as, the result corresponds with the expectation; this is, the result is LIKE the expectation.

-) Synonyms for CORRESPOND: suit, coincide.

Emerging from this shadow, with his long peculiar step, I saw approaching me the identical Spaniard whose malign expression of countenance and general appearance, had so strongly attracted my attention at the Water-port. That it was the same I could not doubt, for his height, his dress, his air, all corresponded exactly. 

The Republic of Letters, by A. Whitelaw… 1833

A complete female dress had been made ready as a present for me; being of the materials and construction already described, with an appearance of unusual care in adjusting the symmetry of the skins, so that the colours should correspond on each side; while there was a fringe below, and a border of white round the hood and the openings for the arms.

John Ross… Search… 1835

-) With the preposition “with”, or “to”, + a noun, by which the correspondent is designated:

… his dress always corresponded with that of his companions in arms; his food was the same as theirs.

Flinter… Revolution… 1819

The American conducted me to a handsome house which was not far distant. When I had light to examine the appearance of this stranger, I was pleased to find that it perfectly corresponded with the idea I had formed of his character. 

The Philadelphia Visitor… 1840

The seventh apartment was closely shrouded in black velvet tapestries that hung all over the ceiling and down the walls, falling in heavy folds upon a carpet of the same material and hue. But in this chamber only, the color of the windows failed to correspond with the decorations. The panes here were scarlet — a deep blood color.

Poe… 1842

The result entirely corresponded to my expectation.

The Chemical Gazette… 1850

Travel, according to my experience, does not exactly correspond to the idea one gets of it out of most books of travels.

Oliver Holmes… The autocrat… 1873

-) 2. (Of two or more things) to be coincident or corresponding in function; to be equivalent, though differently named; to have mutual correspondence or likeness in value. (Of a thing) to be comparable to another, as for its function or value.

[…] it may be observed that in Italian, French, Spanish, and Portuguese, as well as in some other languages, both ancient and modern, there is no word corresponding to our a or an.

Banks… The English Master… 1823

In many languages, adjectives have a peculiarity of termination corresponding to that of the number, gender, or case of the noun to which they are joined.

Banks… The English Master… 1823

[…] an executive council, corresponding to our ministry.

The Monthly Magazine… 1838

-) 3. (Of two or more things) to be coincident or corresponding in position; to have mutual correspondence or likeness in fitness, amount, shape, etc. (Of a thing) to be equal to another in size, number, etc.

The central part may be square or poligonal, and the surrounding pieces so formed as to fit the angles of the centre part, and correspond exactly to each other when combined.

Newton… Newton's London Journal of Arts… 1831

I make the said cylinder of two copper tubes, an inner and an outer one; the internal diameter of the outermost tube must be made to correspond with the exterior diameter of the inner tube.

Newton… Newton's London Journal of Arts… 1831

Having thus inserted a portion of the cloth forming the upper part of the bag, I refastened the loops — not to the hoop, for that would have been impossible, since the cloth now intervened, — but to a series of large buttons, affixed to the cloth itself, about three feet below the mouth of the bag — the intervals between the buttons having been made to correspond to the intervals between the loops.

Poe… 1835

Had M. Beauvais, in his search for the body of Marie, discovered a corpse corresponding in general size and appearance to the missing girl, he would have been warranted (without reference to the question of habiliment at all) in forming an opinion that his search had been successful.

Edgar Poe… 1845

… the days in summer, and the nights in winter, are just as long in Liverpool as at Cape Horn; for the latitude of the two places very nearly corresponds.

Melville… Redburn… 1849

[…] the stone segments are also to be chiselled so as to correspond with exactness to each other as to their contiguous edges, and also to the inner surface of the shell when placed contiguously side by side as a lining of the same.

Newton's London Journal… 1863

The window-sill corresponded to the thickness of the adobe wall, and was therefore about three feet deep.

Newmark… Sixty Years… 1916

-) 4. (Of a person): a. To respond reciprocally; --obsolete. b. To have mutual communication or intercourse with another; --obsolete.

-) 5. Particularly: (of a person) to communicate with another by sending and receiving letters. (Of two or more persons) to have mutual communication by sending and receiving letters.

Mrs. Holmes and Aunt Ruth corresponded irregularly. Letters had probably been interchanged half a dozen times since I came to the Parsonage.

Townsend… While it was Morning… 1857

Pattmore then returned to Greenville, and soon afterward his wife died. He had visited her only once since that time, but they corresponded regularly.

Pinkerton… The Somnambulist… 1875

-) With the preposition ‘with’ + noun of the correspondent:

During his absences, all the children who could write corresponded with him.

Randolph… Thomas Jefferson… 1871

-) Words derived from Latin spondēre, see SPOUSE.

-) Words derived from the verb CORRESPOND: correspondence, correspondent, correspondential, correspondentially, correspondently, correspondentship, corresponder, corresponding, correspondingly, uncorrespondency, uncorrespondent, uncorresponding.

 

 

/consultee/definition

/consultee/

-) Noun.

-) Plural: consultees.

-) Pronunciation and accent: kɒnsʌltiː.

-) Etymology: from the verb CONSULT, suffixed with -ee.

-) Definition: a person consulted.

-) Correlative words: consulter, consutant.

-) Translation: persona consultada, in Spanish; persona consultata, in Italian; personne consultée, in French.

The storm cleared before sunrise, and, after despatching a crowd of medical consultees, we could enjoy a bath, al fresco, in the pools left by the last night’s rain.

Tristram… The Land… 1873

My two consultees reddened with indignation at the personal insolence to myself.

Martineau… Autobiography… 1877

The English verb CONSULT is from the Latin consultare, which is a frequentative of consulere. Other English words derived from Latin consulere: consult (verb, noun), consultable, consultancy, consultant, consultation, consultative, consultatory, consulted, consulter, consulting, consultrix, counsel (noun, verb), counsellable, counselled, counsellee, counselless, counseling, counselor, counsellorship, unconsulted, unconsultable, unconsulting, inconsultable, jurisconsult.

 

 

/compromise/synonyms

/compromise/

-) Verb.

-) Pronunciation and accent: kɒmprəmaɪz.

 -) Etymology: from the noun COMPROMISE.

-) It is dated from the end of 1500.

-) Transitively: 1. Obsolete acceptation: (of an arbiter) to harmonize or make harmonious (two opposite claims, differences, etc.) between parties; to adjust.

-) 2. Obsolete: to be compromised: to be agreed as the result of compromise.

-) 3. (Of contending parties) to end (a disagreement, dispute, differences) by compromise or mutual concession.

-) Synonyms for “compromise”: settle, compound.

-) Translation: dirimer, in French; dirimir, in Spanish; dirimere, in Italian.

… through the mediation of the state of Venice the dispute was compromised.

The Athenaeum: A Magazine… 1807

… by the interposition of friends, the dispute was compromised…

David Hughson… London… 1808

[…] a proposal was made for compromising their differences and establishing a durable reconciliation…

Gillingwater… 1847

-) 4. Obsolete acceptation: to entrust (something) to a person for his decision. 

-) 5. To expose (oneself, somebody, or something immaterial, as reputation) to danger or risk.

-) Synonyms: imperil, endanger, risk.

You have not compromised my name, I hope.

George Rainsford… Thirty years since… 1848

[…] Miss Skiffins—in the absence of the little servant […]—washed up the tea-things, in a trifling lady-like amateur manner that compromised none of us.

Dickens… Great Expectations… 1861

Do you not remember our together deploring the imprudence of that wretched Miss Lorn, who voluntarily compromised herself by going to young Laurence's room?

Maillard… Loving and being loved… 1853

-) Intransitively: 1. (Of two or more persons) to establish an agreement with somebody by mutual concession after having disputed.

The Squire seemed inflexible at first, but at last compromised with us…

The Little Corporal, Volumes 5-10… 1867

And the second burglar. How about him?" asked Mr. Pedagog.

"Oh, he was easy," said the Idiot. "I compromised with him. […] I met him on his way out. I was coming home late, and, just as I arrived, he was leaving. I invited him back, lit the gas in the dining-room, and asked him to join me in a bit of cold tongue and a bottle of beer. He tried to shuffle out of it, but, when I said I preferred to reason with him rather than have him arrested, he sat down, and we talked the situation over.

Kendrick Bangs… The Idiot at Home… 1900

Dora wanted him to take her to dinner in the main dining room of the hotel, and he evaded and compromised by taking her there late at night when not many people were present.

Fergusson… The Conquerors… 1921

-) 2. Metaphor: (of a person) to make a compromise between opposite opinions, principles, etc.; to establish an agreement between incompatible things.

-) Words derived from the noun COMPROMISE: compromiser, compromising, compromisingly, uncompromising, uncompromisingly.